Some work sites are safer than others, and proper ladder use can indicate how well employees are trained. Still there are many construction sites where ladders are used improperly; in fact many accidents occur every year as a direct result of unsafe ladder use, even though they are probably one of the most important and commonly used tools on many construction jobs today. In this article we are going to look at some of the problems that can be associated with ladder use.
Choosing the right ladder
On construction sites there are two types of activities that will require you to use a ladder; performance work and access work.
Performance work is where you have to reach up or move frequently from an elevated work station. If your work is a long term project then using scaffolding, a swing stage or an elevated platform is needed.
On the other hand, access work means using ladders to reach upper working levels, so choosing the correct ladder before starting any job is vital.
Two of the most common types of ladders found on construction sites are Straight or extension Ladders, which are used for access to higher levels, and step ladders, which are used for performance work. The classification on the side of a ladder will tell you what type of work the ladder can be used for.
| Grade | Projected Use | Load Rating |
| 1 | Load Rating1 Construction | Heavy |
| 2 | Tradesman and Farm | Medium |
| 3 | Household | Light |
Load ratings are also marked and should correspond with your weight, plus the weight of any tools you intend to carry. The tags for load ratings are often missing, so it is important that only heavy duty, grade 1 ladders are used on construction sites.
Ladder set ups
Once you have chosen the right ladder for the job make sure it’s safe, look for cracks, loose and corroded rivets and defected braces. Does the ladder have slip resistant feet? And are they in good condition? Are the ropes and pulleys in good condition? Is it free from grease, oil and other slippery substances? If a ladder isn’t safe then make sure it is repaired or replaced before use, and do not use an unsafe ladder.
Carry a ladder safely balanced, with the front end facing up, so you can see where you are going. Get help if the ladder is either too heavy or too long. Ladders should not be placed on boxes or used on elevated work platforms. They should only be set up on a solid level base, that’s free from debris.
If you are setting up an extension ladder, first, place it into position, then raise the extension. If the job it temporary then you may want a fellow worker hold the ladder. There are certain conditions that can arise that make the ladder unstable, such as wind. In these instances tie the top of the ladder into place to keep it secure.
When setting up a step ladder, fully extent the legs and lock the brace into place. When determining the height of the step ladder, remember it must rise within 3 to 4 feet of the point of work. The maximum height of a step ladder is 20 feet; don’t create scaffolding by connecting two step ladders with planks, or using the step ladder as a scaffolding plank. Step ladders are not to be used to access higher levels and if you are going to be working in an area where there is traffic put up a barricade so you are more visible to vehicles.
Straight or extension ladders must be placed at the correct angle, using the 4 to 1 rule. This means that the foot of the ladder should extent 1 foot away from the wall, for every 4 feet up and that the top of the ladder should extend 3 feet above the structure.
Safe ladder use
Once you understand appropriate safety precautions around ladders, there is very little that should go wrong. It’s a matter of always thinking about your safety and developing an eye for possible dangers. Make sure footwear is free of mud and grease, a half inch heal will help keep your foot safe and stable. There should only be one person on a ladder at one time as this can affect stability.
The main aspect is that you must have the correct ladder for the right job. Set it up and secure it properly, and always think about yours and other people’s safety while climbing and working with ladders.


